Mrs Grossmans
Posted on Wednesday, October 28th, 2009 at 11:55 pm
![]() |
|
Mrs Grossmans Stickers Whales US $5.83
|
1993 Mrs Grossmans Scrapbooking Stickers DINOSAURS dinosaur US $1.00
|
|
1995 Mrs Grossmans Scrapbooking Stickers WILD ANIMALS bear deer birds skunk bunn US $1.00
|
Mrs Grossmans Photoessence Scrapbooking Stickers EASTER baskets bunny rabbit duc US $1.00
|
|
MRS GROSSMANS SILVER CLASSIC ABC 123 STICKER SHEET BNIP US $1.78
|
MRS GROSSMANS GOLD CLASSIC ABC 123 STICKER SHEET BNIP US $1.78
|
Definition of Mental Retardation (A Chronological List)
Definition of Mental Retardation:
A Chronological List with Dates and References
- An idiot is one who hath no understanding from his nativity. Prerogative of the King of England, 1255 to 1290 A. D. (Payne and Patton, 1981)
The word idiot is derived from the Latin word idiota, meaning an ignorant person and from the Greek word idiotos, meaning unfit for public life. It was used to refer to individuals with mental retardation (of all levels) well into the 20th Century.
- An idiot is such a person who cannot account or number, nor can tell who was his father or mother, nor how he, so as it may appear he has not understands or reason of what shall be his profit or his loss. Sir Anthony Fitzherbert, about 1510 to 1520 (Payne and Patton, 1981).
Sir Anthony Fitzherbert was an English judge who was appointed the king's serjeant-at-law on 18 November, 1510. His work, La Graunde Abridgement, was the first systematic attempt to provide a summary of English law.
- Idiocy is a specific infirmity of the cranio-spinal axis, produced by deficiency of nutrition in utero and neo-anti. It incapacitates mostly the functions which give rise to the reflex, instinctive and conscious phenomena of life; consequently, the idiot moves, feels, understands, wills but imperfectly; does nothing, thinks of nothing, cares for nothing (extreme cases), he is legally irresponsible, isolated without associations; a soul shut up in imperfect organs an innocent.
Edouard Seguin, France/United States, 1866.
Edouard Seguin was an associate of Jean Itard, whose work with Victor, the Famouse "Wild Boy of Aveyron" was the first documented (but unsuccessful) attempt to educate a child thought to have idiocy (mental retardation). Seguin became head teacher of a class of idiot children at salpetriere, France and later started a private school for idiots. He later moved to the United States, where in 1866 he published his famous work, Idiocy: and its Treatment by the Physiological Method, in which the above definition appeared. In 1876, Seguin became the first president of The Association of Medical Officers of American Institution for Idiotic and Feeble-Minded Persons, which evolved into the American Association on Mental Retardation.
- Idiocy (involves) deficiency in the ordinary mental powers, due to disease or failure of development of the central nervous system. More especially, idiocy often relates to the severer forms of such mental deficiency, while children of subnormal capacity or backward development are spoken of as feeble-minded, or children. There is some tendency to use the term feeble-minded to include all degrees of defect from the slightest to the most severe. (James Mark Baldwin, Canada, 1901).
James Mark Baldwin founded the first psychological laboratory in the British Empire in 1889 at the University of Toronto. His most famous work, Mental Development in the Child and the Race, first published in 1895 is recognized as an important text in the history of social psychology.
- Mental Deficiency: A state of incomplete mental development of such a kind and degree that the individual is incapable of adapting himself to the normal environment of his fellows in such a way to maintain existence independently of supervision, control or external support. (Tredgold, Great Britain, 1937).
A. F. Tredgold was a member of the Britich Eugenics Society, which like its counterpart in the United States favored reducing or eliminating reproduction by those deemed unfit through segregation and sterilization. In his article "The Feebleminded - A Social Danger," which appeared in Eugenics Review, (1909), Tredgold wrote, "…in the animal world or in a primitive state of human society these degenerate members would very soon by extinguished …. Our modern legislation … is actually tending to breed degenerates." (Eugenics Watch U.K)
- Six criteria … have been generally considered essential to an adequate definition and concept (of Mental Deficiency): These are 1) social incompetence;
2) Mental sub normality; 3) which has been developmentally arrested; 4) which obtains at maturity; 5) is of constitutional origin; and 6) is essentially incurable. E. A. Doll, United States, 1941 (Doll, 1941, p.215).
Edgar Doll is best known for his work at the VinelandTraining Schoolwhere he developed the Vineland Social Maturity Scale (now the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales). First published in 1935, this instrument was designed to assess the daily living skills of individuals with mental retardation.
- Mental Retardation refers to significantly sub average general intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period and is associated with impairment in adaptive behavior.
Sub average intellectual Functioning: one or more standard deviations (SD's) below the mean. (An IQ score of 85 or below)
Adaptive Behavior: adaptation to the demands of the environment.
Developmental Period: birth to age 16.
American Association on Mental Deficiency, United States, 1961 (Heber, 1961)
This definition, with its three components (sub average intelligence, impaired adaptive behavior, and origination during the developmental period), became widely accepted. Subsequent AAMD/AAMR definitions are essentially refinements of Heber's 1961 definition.
- Mental Retardation refers to significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period. Sub-Average Intellectual Functioning: at least two standard deviations below the mean (current functioning – not permanent status). (an IQ of 70 score or below)
Adaptive Behavior: ability to meet the standards of personal independence and social responsibility expected of his/her level and cultural group.
The 1973, definition through retaining the three basic AAMR components, makes the following significant changes:
1) defining "sub-average intelligence" as rather than one standard deviation below the mean (85). This reduced the number of individuals who met this criterion from 16% of the population to a little more than 2% of the population;
2) clarifying the meaning of deficient adaptive behavior; and
3) extending the developmental period to age 18.
- Mental Retardation refers to significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period. Sub-average Intellectual Functioning: two or more standard deviations below average but a small number of persons with scores up to 10 points above the guideline ceiling may be classified as mildly mentally retarded if their adaptive behavior is significantly impaired (current functioning – not permanent status)
American Association on Mental Deficiency, United States, 1977 (Grossman, 1977)
This 1977 revision allows for individuals with borderline intelligence (70 to 80) to be classified as having mental retardation and thus makes them eligible for services provided to those with MR, including special education.
- Mental Retardation refers to substantial limitations in present functioning. It is characterized by significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with related limitations in two or more of the following applicable adaptive skills areas: communication, self care, home living, social skills, self direction, health and safety, functional academics, leisure and work. Mental retardation manifested before age 18.
Significantly Sub average Intellectual Functioning: same as 9 (An IQ Score of 70-80 or below)
American Association on Mental Retardation, United States, 1992 (AAMR, 1992)
This AAMR definition, through still retaining Heber's three components, provides even more specificity regarding the meaning of the phrase "deficits in adaptive behavior." Other changes, particularly in regard to level of mental retardation. Though not part of definition, are included in the AAMR publications, Mental Retardation: Definition, classification, and systems of supports, in which the new definition appear. Click here for an ERIC Clearing house article which summarizes differences between the current AAMR definition and previous ones.
- Mental Retardation is a disability characterized by significant limitation both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills. This disability originates before the age of 18.
Significant Limitations in Intellectual Functioning: same as 9.
About the Author
Ch. Asad Nisar
Mrs. Grossman
![]() |
|
Mrs Grossmans Stickers Whales US $5.83
|
1993 Mrs Grossmans Scrapbooking Stickers DINOSAURS dinosaur US $1.00
|
|
1995 Mrs Grossmans Scrapbooking Stickers WILD ANIMALS bear deer birds skunk bunn US $1.00
|
Mrs Grossmans Photoessence Scrapbooking Stickers EASTER baskets bunny rabbit duc US $1.00
|
|
MRS GROSSMANS SILVER CLASSIC ABC 123 STICKER SHEET BNIP US $1.78
|
MRS GROSSMANS GOLD CLASSIC ABC 123 STICKER SHEET BNIP US $1.78
|
|
MRS GROSSMANS PHOTO SAFE STICKERS NEW US $2.00
|
MRS GROSSMANS STICKER LOT ROSE WREATH 10 SHEETS US $2.50
|
|
MRS GROSSMANS STICKER LOT COLORED FLOURISHES 10 SHEETS US $2.50
|
MRS GROSSMANS CHRISTMAS CAPTIONS STICKER SHEET BN NLA US $2.97
|
|
MRS GROSSMANS CARD CAPTIONS FRIENDSHIP STICKER SHEET US $1.78
|
MRS GROSSMANS STICKER LOT HAPPY VALENTINES DAY 10 SHEETS US $2.00
|
|
LOT of 7 sheets ABC Sticker Sheets NEW Mrs Grossmans Deja Vus Paper Studio US $1.04
|
Creative Memories Mrs Grossmans 44 Sticker Sheets LOT over 300 Stickers US $4.54
|
|
MRS GROSSMANS TROPICAL FLOWERS STICKER SHEET BN NLA US $2.97
|
Mrs Grossmans CHICAGO Laser Scrapbooking Stickers US $1.95
|
|
Mrs Grossmans sticker lot girls US $.99
|
Mrs Grossmans sticker lot Christmas US $.99
|
|
Mrs Grossmans sticker lot Christmas 2 US $.99
|
Mrs Grossmans sticker lot Christmas 3 US $.99
|
|
Mrs Grossmans sticker lot Halloween 1 US $.99
|
Mrs Grossmans sticker lot Halloween 2 US $.99
|
|
Mrs Grossmans sticker lot Autumn 1 US $.99
|
Mrs Grossmans sticker lot Autumn 2 US $.99
|
|
Mrs Grossmans sticker lot Flowers 1 US $.99
|
Mrs Grossmans sticker lot Flowers 2 US $.99
|
|
MRS GROSSMANS METALLIC SALVAGED SHIP FULL STICKER SHEET US $2.97
|
Mrs Grossmans LONDON Laser Scrapbooking Stickers 12B US $1.50
|
|
Lot of 5 Mrs Grossmans Sheer Color Swirls Large Sticker Sheets US $3.40
|
MRS GROSSMANS BLACK MUSIC NOTES STICKER STRIP BN NLA US $1.24
|
|
Lot of 5 Mrs Grossmans Flower Bouquet REFLECTIONS Sticker Strips US $3.95
|
MRS GROSSMANS COFFEE HOUSE ABC 123 STICKER SHEET BN NLA US $2.97
|
|
MRS GROSSMANS BUBBLE BATH STICKER SHEET BNIP NLA US $1.78
|
MRS GROSSMANS SAGE CLASSIC ABC 123 STICKER SHEET US $1.78
|
|
Mrs Grossmans Simply Sassy 3 D Stickers Bridal Bouquet US $3.00
|
Mrs Grossmans Stickers Reflections Flicker Firecrackers 3 Strips US $3.50
|
|
Mrs Grossmans Giant Stickers Card Captions Graduation US $3.00
|
FREE SHIPPING 1 1 2 FT REPEAT YELLOW CHICKS STRIP MRS GROSSMANS UP TO 75 OFF US $2.89
|
|
MRS GROSSMANS SHEET OF STICKERS COCKTAILS NEW US $1.00
|
FREE SHIPPING 1 1 2 FT STRIP WEDDING CAKE MRS GROSSMANS WHIMISCAL UP TO 75 OFF US $2.69
|
|
Mrs Grossmans Top Dog Photo Stickers English Bulldog US $1.50
|
FREE SHIPPING 50 OFF 1 1 2 FT LARGE JUNGLE ANIMAL BIG STICKERS MRS GROSSMANS S US $2.55
|
|
Mrs Grossmans Stickers Rabbit US $5.83
|
Karate Stickers by Mrs Grossmans 2 sheets US $1.90
|
|
Mrs Grossmans LOS ANGELES Laser Scrapbooking Stickers US $1.95
|
FREE SHIPPING 3 FT MRS GROSSMANS STRIP STICKERS EMERGENCY VEHICL UP TO 75 OFF US $2.89
|
|
Mrs Grossmans PARIS Lasercut Scrapbooking Stickers 12B US $1.65
|
MRS GROSSMANS SPORTS STICKERS GRAND SLAM US $1.00
|
|
Mrs Grossmans Back to School Stickers 4 Scrapbooking US $1.69
|
FIRE ENGINE 2 SHEETS MRS GROSSMANS STICKERS Equipment US $1.25
|
|
COAST GUARD Mrs Grossmans Scrapbooking Stickers NEW LOT US $9.99
|
MRS GROSSMANS SHEET OF STICKERS MONSTERS NEW US $1.00
|
|
Soccer Ball Sticker From Mrs Grossmans 15 x 15 US $1.00
|
WILLOW TREE 2 SHEETS MRS GROSSMANS STICKERS PW US $1.00
|
|
Mrs Grossmans Teamwork Go Team Way to go Winner Victory Captions Phrase Stickers US $1.99
|
Mrs Grossmans Chubby Talk Bubble Scrapbook Stickers 3sh US $4.00
|
|
FREE SHIPPING GOLF BIG WHIMISCAL STICKERS MRS GROSSMANS UP TO 75 OFF US $2.89
|
FREE SHIPPING TALL BUILDINGS CLUSTER OF BUILDINGS MRS GROSSMANS UP TO 75 OFF US $2.89
|
|
$300 BEACH ACCESSORIES 1 1 2 FOOT MRS GROSSMANS STRIP FREE SHIP UP TO 75 OFF US $3.00
|
$300 TODDLER TOYS 1 1 2 FOOT MRS GROSSMANS STRIP FREE SHIP UP TO 75 OFF US $3.00
|
|
$300 HORSE W ACCESSORI 1 1 2 FOOT MRS GROSSMANS STRIP FREE SHIP UP TO 75 OFF US $3.00
|
$300 TEDDY BEAR PLAYTIM1 1 2 FOOT MRS GROSSMANS STRIP FREE SHIP UP TO 75 OFF US $3.00
|
|
Mrs Grossmans Stickers Bowling US $7.05
|
Mrs Grossmans Natural Art Stickers Three White Flowers US $5.61
|
|
Mrs Grossmans Stickers Birthday Cakes US $5.83
|
Mrs Grossmans Stickers Gardenias US $5.83
|
|
Mrs Grossmans Stickers Chubby Dinosaurs US $5.83
|
Mrs Grossmans Natural Art Stickers Two Bouquets US $5.61
|
|
Mrs Grossmans Stickers Balloons US $5.83
|
Mrs Grossmans Stickers Golf Ball US $5.83
|
|
Mrs Grossmans Sticker Strips Reflection Firecrackers US $3.50
|
Mrs Grossmans Extra Large Sticker Sheet Winter Sports US $3.50
|
|
CLOTHESLINE Mrs Grossmans STICKERS 2 Sheets LAUNDRY US $1.49
|
Mrs Grossmans Giant Stickers Card Captions Bon Voyage US $3.00
|
|
Mrs Grossmans Stuck on Pets Sticker Shetland Sheepdog US $6.25
|
Mrs Grossmans Stuck on Pets Sticker German Shorthair US $6.25
|
|
LOT 2 6 1 4 strips Mrs Grossmans Stickers LAUNDRY Clothes Line scrapbook US $1.00
|
PACK OF MRS GROSSMANS STICKERS EASTER CHICK 2 SHEET US $1.00
|
|
PACK OF MRS GROSSMANS STICKERS HOLLY 2 SHEET US $1.00
|
PACK OF MRS GROSSMANS STICKERS BALLERINAS 2 SHEET US $1.00
|
|
PACK OF MRS GROSSMANS STICKERS DAISIES 2 SHEETS US $1.00
|
MRS GROSSMANS SEE THE USA STICKERS WASHINGTON DC NEW US $1.00
|
|
MRS GROSSMANS SEE THE USA STICKERS LAS VEGAS NEW US $1.00
|
Mrs Grossmans Strips Reflection Count Your Blessings US $3.50
|
|
NRN DESIGNS LIKE MRS GROSSMANS STICKER LOT EASTER BUNNY AND CHICKS 10 SHEETS US $3.50
|
CATS KITTIES 2 SHEETS MRS GROSSMANS STICKERS Animals US $1.00
|
|
MRS GROSSMANS STICKERS SPARKLE AWARD RIBBIONS NEW US $1.00
|
MRS GROSSMANS STICKER LOT FABRIC STUFFED ANIMALS 10 SHEETS US $3.00
|
|
Mrs Grossmans CATS Pen Ink Scrapbooking Stickers 16790B US $1.65
|
Mrs Grossmans AUSTRALIA Laser Scrapbooking Stickers 80B US $1.95
|
|
Mrs Grossmans TRAVEL Pen Ink Scrapbooking Stickers 20B US $1.50
|
Mrs Grossmans MEXICO Lasercut Scrapbooking Stickers 12B US $1.65
|
|
MRS GROSSMANS STICKER LOT LAZER CUT SANTA SCENE 5 SHEETS US $2.50
|
MRS GROSSMANS STICKER LOT COLORED LIGHT BLUBS 20 SHEETS US $2.50
|
|
Large IRIS Flower Mrs Grossmans Stickers 3 Sheets NEW US $3.95
|
MRS GROSSMANS WHISPER GATE PARK 2 STICKER SHEETS EMBEL US $1.99
|
|
Mrs Grossmans LAYERING Stickers HEARTS or BLOSSOMS New US $1.49
|
Mrs Grossmans Birthday Metals Scrapbooking Stickers 40B US $1.00
|
|
HALLOWEEN CANDY Mrs Grossmans STICKERS 5 Modules 1994 US $1.25
|
MRS GROSSMANS SIMPLY SASSY STICKERS DUCKS US $1.00
|

US $5.83